Kuyini Ukushisela?
Ikhono lokushisela lensimbi libhekisela ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo zensimbi kunqubo yokushisela, ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ebunzimeni bokuthola amalunga aphezulu ahlanganisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela.Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, umqondo wokuthi "ikhono lokushisela" uhlanganisa "ukutholakala" kanye "nokuthembeka".Ikhono lokushisela lincike ezicini zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezimo zenqubo esetshenzisiwe.Ikhono lokushisela lezinto zensimbi alimile kodwa liyathuthuka ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yezinto ezazibhekwa njengezintula ikhono lokushisela, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izindlela ezintsha zokushisela ziye zaba lula ukushisela, okungukuthi, ikhono lokushisela. isibe ngcono.Ngakho-ke, asikwazi ukushiya izimo zenqubo ukuze sikhulume ngekhono lokushisela.
Ikhono lokushisela lihlanganisa izici ezimbili: enye ukusebenza okuhlangene, okungukuthi, ukuzwela kokwenza amaphutha we-welding ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela;okwesibili ukusebenza okusebenzayo, okungukuthi, ukuguquguquka kwejoyinti elishiselwe ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela.
Izindlela zokushisela
1.Laser welding(LBW）
2.i-ultrasonic welding (USW)
3.i-diffusion welding(DFW)
4.njll
I-1.I-Welding iyinqubo yokuhlanganisa izinto, ngokuvamile izinsimbi, ngokushisisa izindawo ezingaphezulu kuze kube seqophelweni lokuncibilika bese uzivumela ukuba zipholile futhi ziqine, ngokuvamile ngokufaka into yokugcwalisa.I-weldability yempahla ibhekisela emandleni ayo okushiselwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo, futhi kuncike kokubili izici zempahla kanye nenqubo yokushisela esetshenzisiwe.
I-2.Weldability ingahlukaniswa ibe yizici ezimbili: ukusebenza okuhlangene nokusebenza okusebenzayo.Ukusebenza okuhlangene kubhekisela ekuzweleni kokwenza ukukhubazeka kokushisela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela, kuyilapho ukusebenza okungokoqobo kubhekisela ekuguquguqukeni kwejoyinti elishiselwe ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zenqubo yokushisela.
3.Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokushisela, kuhlanganise ne-laser welding (LBW), i-ultrasonic welding (USW), kanye ne-diffusion welding (DFW), phakathi kwabanye.Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokushisela kuncike ezintweni ezihlanganiswayo, ubukhulu bezinto zokwakha, amandla ahlangene adingekayo, nezinye izici.
Iyini i-Laser Welding?
I-laser welding, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-laser beam welding (“LBW”), iyindlela yokwenza lapho izingcezu ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto (okuvame ukuba yinsimbi) zihlanganiswe ndawonye kusetshenziswa i-laser beam.
Kuyinqubo engathinteki edinga ukufinyelela endaweni yokushisela ukusuka ohlangothini olulodwa lwezingxenye ezishiselwe.
Ukushisa okudalwe yi-laser kuncibilikisa into ezinhlangothini zombili zelunga, futhi njengoba into encibilikisiwe ihlangana futhi iqinise, ihlanganisa izingxenye.
I-weld yakheka njengoba ukukhanya kwe-laser okunamandla kushisa ngokushesha izinto - ngokuvamile kubalwa ngama-millisecond.
I-laser beam ukukhanya okuhambisanayo (isigaba esisodwa) se-wavelength eyodwa (i-monochromatic).I-laser beam inokuhluka okuphansi kwe-beam kanye nokuqukethwe kwamandla aphezulu okuzodala ukushisa uma ishaya phezulu
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokushisela, imininingwane ibalulekile uma usebenzisa i-LBW.Ungasebenzisa ama-lasers ahlukene nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-LBW, futhi kunezikhathi lapho ukushiswa kwe-laser kungeyona into engcono kakhulu.
I-Laser Welding
Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 ze-laser welding:
1.Imodi yokuqhuba
2.Imodi yokuqhuba/yokungena
Imodi ye-3.Ukungena noma i-keyhole
Lezi zinhlobo zokushisela nge-laser zihlanganiswa ngenani lamandla alethwa ensimbi.Cabanga ngalokhu njengamazinga aphansi, aphakathi, naphezulu wamandla we-laser.
Imodi yokuqhuba
Imodi yokuqhuba iletha amandla e-laser aphansi ensimbi, okuholela ekungeneni okuphansi nge-weld engashoni.
Kuhle kumalunga angadingi amandla aphezulu njengoba imiphumela iwuhlobo lokushisela indawo eqhubekayo.Ama-welds e-conduction abushelelezi futhi ayathandeka ngobuhle, futhi ngokuvamile aba banzi kunalokho ajulile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemodi yokuqhuba i-LBW:
1. Ukushisisa okuqondile:Ingaphezulu lengxenye lishisisa ngokuqondile nge-laser.Ukushisa kube sekwenziwa ensimbi, futhi izingxenye zesisekelo sensimbi ziyancibilika, zihlanganise ilunga lapho insimbi iphinde iqinise.
2.Ukudluliswa kwamandla: Uyinki omunca okhethekile ubekwa kuqala endaweni esibonakalayo yelunga.Lo inki uthatha amandla e-laser futhi ukhiqize ukushisa.Insimbi engaphansi ibe isihambisa ukushisa kube ungqimba oluncane, oluncibilika, futhi luqine lube ilunga elishiselwe.
Imodi Yokuqhuba/Yokungena
Abanye bangase bangakuvumi lokhu njengenye yezindlela.Banomuzwa wokuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela;ungahambisa ukushisa ensimbi noma uhwamulise umzila omncane wensimbi, uvumele i-laser yehlele ensimbi.
Kodwa imodi yokuqhuba/yokungena isebenzisa amandla “amaphakathi” futhi iphumela ekungeneni okwengeziwe.Kodwa i-laser ayinamandla ngokwanele ukuhwamulisa insimbi njengakwimodi ye-keyhole.
Ukungena Noma Imodi Yomgodi Wokhiye
Le modi idala amashisela ajulile, amancane.Ngakho, abanye bayibiza ngokuthi imodi yokungena.Amashisela enziwe ajwayele ukujula kunobubanzi futhi aqine kunamashisela emodi yokuqhuba.
Ngalolu hlobo lokushisela i-LBW, i-laser enamandla amakhulu ihwamulisa isisekelo sensimbi, sidale umhubhe omncane owaziwa ngokuthi "imbobo yokhiye" enwebeka phansi ehlangene.Le “mbobo” ihlinzeka ngomsele ukuze i-laser ingene ijule ensimbi.
Izinsimbi Ezifanelekayo Ze-LBW
I-laser welding isebenza ngezinsimbi eziningi, njenge:
- Insimbi Yekhabhoni
- I-Aluminium
- I-Titanium
- I-alloy ephansi nensimbi engagqwali
- I-Nickel
- IPlatinum
- I-Molybdenum
Ukushisa kwe-ultrasonic
I-Ultrasonic welding (USW) iwukuhlanganisa noma ukuguqulwa kwe-thermoplastics ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa kusukela ekunyakazeni komshini we-high-frequency.Kufezwa ngokuguqula amandla kagesi we-high-frequency abe ukunyakaza komshini we-high-frequency mechanical.Lokho kunyakaza komshini, kanye namandla asetshenzisiwe, kudala ukushisa okungqubuzanayo ezindaweni zokukhwelana zezingxenye zepulasitiki (indawo ehlanganyelwe) ukuze impahla yepulasitiki inyibilike futhi yakhe isibopho samangqamuzana phakathi kwezingxenye.
ISIMISO ESIYISISEKELO SE-ULTRASONIC WELDING
1.Izingxenye Ekulungiseni: Izingxenye ezimbili ze-thermoplastic ezizohlanganiswa zibekwe ndawonye, enye phezu kwenye, esidlekeni esisekelayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-fixture.
2.I-Ultrasonic Horn Contact: I-titanium noma ingxenye ye-aluminium ebizwa ngokuthi uphondo ihlanganiswa nengxenye yepulasitiki ephezulu.
3.Amandla Asetshenzisiwe: Amandla alawulwayo noma ingcindezi isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni, zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngokumelene ne-fixture.
4.Isikhathi Sokushibilika: Uphondo lwe-ultrasonic ludlidliza luye mpo izikhathi ezingu-20,000 (20 kHz) noma izikhathi ezingu-40,000 (40 kHz) ngomzuzwana, emabangeni akalwa ngezinkulungwane zamayintshi (ama-microns), isikhathi esinqunyiwe esibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokushisela.Ngokuklanywa kwengxenye ngokucophelela, la mandla omshini adlidlizayo aqondiswe ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe zokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili.Ukudlidliza kwemishini kudluliselwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-thermoplastic kusixhumi esibonakalayo esihlanganyelwe ukudala ukushisa okungqubuzanayo.Lapho izinga lokushisa esibonakalayo esihlangene lifinyelela iphuzu lokuncibilika, ipulasitiki iyancibilika futhi igeleze, futhi ukudlidliza kuyamiswa.Lokhu kuvumela ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe ukuthi iqale ukupholisa.
5.Bamba Isikhathi: Amandla okubamba agcinwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe ukuze avumele izingxenye ukuthi zihlangane njengoba ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe iphola futhi iqina.Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokubamba.(Qaphela: Amandla ahlangene athuthukisiwe kanye ne-hermeticity ingase izuzwe ngokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu phakathi nesikhathi sokubamba. Lokhu kufezwa kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ekabili).
I-6.Horn Retracts: Uma ipulasitiki encibilikile isiqinile, amandla okubamba ayasuswa futhi uphondo lwe-ultrasonic luyahoxiswa.Izingxenye ezimbili zepulasitiki manje zihlanganiswa njengokungathi zibunjwe ndawonye futhi zikhishwa endaweni eyodwa njengengxenye eyodwa.
I-Diffusion Welding, i-DFW
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ngokushisa nokucindezela lapho izindawo zokuthintana zihlanganiswa ngokusakazwa kwama-athomu.
Inqubo
Ama-workpiece amabili [1] ezindaweni ezihlukene abekwe phakathi kokunyathelisa okubili [2].Imishini yokunyathelisa ihlukile ngenhlanganisela ngayinye yezinto zokusebenza, okuholela ekutheni umklamo omusha uyadingeka uma ukwakheka komkhiqizo kushintsha.
Ukushisa okulingana cishe no-50-70% wendawo yokuncibilika kwezinto kunikezwa ohlelweni, okwandisa ukuhamba kwama-athomu wezinto ezimbili.
Izinto zokunyathelisa zibe sezicindezelwa ndawonye, okwenza ama-athomu aqale ukuhlukana phakathi kwezinto ezisendaweni yokuxhumana [3].Ukusabalalisa kwenzeka ngenxa yezinto zokusebenza ezihlukene, kuyilapho ukushisa nokucindezela kwenza inqubo ibe lula.Ngakho-ke ingcindezi isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto ezithintana naye eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ama-athomu asakazeke kalula.Lapho ingxenye efunekayo yama-athomu isakazwa, ukushisa nokucindezela kuyasuswa futhi ukucutshungulwa kokubopha kuyaqedwa.
